Elements can be aligned vertically, horizontally, diagonally, in a straight row, left to right, or top to bottom, in a column. The very same element can have a different effect based on its alignment. How elements appear in a composition is as paramount as where they are placed. When similar colors are repeated sequentially, the viewer’s attention is directed around the work, creating a sense of movement and therefore visual harmony. For example, color can be used to create rhythm in an artwork. These repetitive elements can be positioned in a consistent manner or a particular style, creating patterns and rhythm. Repetition refers to the repetition of similar or continuing elements in various parts of the composition. However, even the placement of dissimilar elements enhances the sense of unity in an artwork.Ī Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1886) by Georges Seurat, illustrating the use of unity in art through shape and form Georges Seurat, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons When similar elements in a composition are positioned close to one another, they appear as a group. It refers to the closeness of objects or figures in a composition. Proximity is a visual device that can be used to create unity. There are several methods of creating unity in a work of art with the five main methods being proximity, repetition, alignment, continuation, and color. In a unified artwork, the elements look like they belong together. With unity, the elements of a composition work together emphasizing their similarity. The unity art definition refers to the visual quality of oneness achieved through the effective incorporation of the elements and principles of art. Guerrilla de Eliseo Velásquez (1988) by Fernando Botero Fernando Botero, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons Creating new and unexpected combinations of the elements of art, variety invites viewers to linger in front of a work of art, indulging in its radical rhythm. While unity makes a composition feel complete and cohesive, variety infuses it with a sense of dynamism. The dynamic between the principles of variety and unity brings visual interest to any image. Striking a Balance Between Unity and Variety in Art
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